Into the Wild by John Krakauer follows the story of Chris McCandless, a young man whose actions have warranted fierce debate. Although many see him as a crazed, suicidal young man, Chris was a mentally and physically strong individual who was ill-prepared for the journey and did not adapt to the difficulty of survival. Chris McCandless was many things. Reckless, sure. Smart? Yes. But one thing he was not was unfit for the situation. Chris had honed his body for the hardships

For over half a century, corruption in the Philippines has continuously functioned as an episodic failure of governance—a defining feature of the country’s political landscape. From the Spanish-era principalia and the elite-centered electoral system introduced under American rule, Philippine political life has long been structured by personal ties rather than impersonal institutions (Quimpo, 2009). The presidency of Ferdinand Marcos in the late 1970s-1980s exemplifies this le